Category: Learn History Through Fiction

Until the early 1900s, physicians practiced without degrees or regulations. Before science knew about germs, doctors moved between anatomy labs, medical wards, and operating rooms without washing their hands. As a result, women delivered by doctors were more likely to die of infection than those tended by midwives, who remained by each mother’s bedside. Read more about pregnancy and childbirth a century ago in the novel Tazia and Gemma (see NOVELS).

In the early 1900s, the most popular douche was Lysol. It was made with cresol, a compound that caused inflammation and burning, but marketed to women as safe and gentle for maintaining “dainty feminine allure.” Doctors recorded hundreds of Lysol poisonings and scores of deaths from uterine irrigation. Read about a young, poor, and unwed pregnant Italian immigrant 100 years ago in the novel Tazia and Gemma (see more about the book in NOVELS).

Composer Julia Wolfe sought the right scissors — dozens of pairs — for the New York Philharmonic’s 1919 premiere of her oratorio “Fire in My Mouth,” which commemorates the 1911 Triangle Waist Company fire that killed 146 garment workers, most of them young immigrant women. Wiss manufactured the scissors that made the satisfying “swoosh” sound Wolfe wanted to memorialize their work and death. Read about a survivor of the fire and her daughter in the novel Tazia and Gemma (see NOVELS).

In November 1909, 23-year-old labor activist Clara Lemlich Shavelson led a strike of 20,000 women to protest working conditions in New York’s garment industry. Male union leaders opposed the strike, but three months later, factory owners agreed to a 52-hour work week and recognized the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). One holdout was the Triangle Waist Company, where a 1911 fire killed 146 workers, mostly young Jewish and Italian immigrant women. Read about a survivor of the fire and her daughter in the novel Tazia and Gemma (see NOVELS).

In the early decades of the twentieth century, touring “midget troupes” performed throughout Europe and Russia. One troupe, the Royal Russian Midgets, composed of poor peasants with few other opportunities, toured the world, often exploited by managers and venue owners. Their last stop was the U.S., where they retired in 1941 after purchasing land in Sweetwater Estates just off Florida’s Tamiami Trail. The community thrived until the last house was torn down in 1970. Read the novel A Brain. A Heart. The Nerve. to learn about another group of exploited little people from Eastern Europe, the Leopold von Singer Midgets, who played Munchkins in The Wizard of Oz. Find out more about the book in NOVELS.

On February 9, 1964 at 8 PM EST, 73 million people watched the BEATLES on The Ed Sullivan Show. Later that night, RINGO STARR met the actor who played the MUNCHKIN CORONER in The Wizard of Oz at Grossinger’s Hotel in the Catskills, where the Munchkins were holding their 25th reunion. REALLY? To find out, read A Brain. A Heart. The Nerve., a fictional biography of the actor Meinhardt Raabe. Learn more about the book in NOVELS.

Peanut butter became an American kitchen staple during World War I when people were encouraged to substitute peanuts for beef and pork so that meat could instead be sent to the troops fighting overseas. When the war ended, people gladly crossed peanut loaf and peanut soup off the menu, but peanut butter has remained a favorite for over a century. Read more about what people ate during WWI, including a teenager who lies about his name and age to escape his immigrant Jewish family and join the navy in On the Shore. Learn more about the book in NOVELS.

On January 20, 1942, 15 Nazi officials met in a villa on Lake Wannsee on the western edge of Berlin. They nibbled snacks and drank cognac. According to minutes taken by Adolf Eichmann, the agenda contained one item: “The organizational, logistical and material steps for a final solution of the Jewish question in Europe.” Planning the Holocaust took them only 90 minutes. All told, they planned to kill eleven million Jews, not only in Europe, but also the Soviet Union, England, Ireland, and Switzerland. Learn more in my forthcoming novel, One Person’s Loss (Vine Leaves Press, September 2022), about a young Jewish couple who flee from Germany to the U.S. just before the Holocaust, but during the war, the husband returns to Berlin as a spy for the OSS and hides a transmitter inside the handle of a water pitcher used to eavesdrop at Wannsee. Read more about One Person’s Loss and my other historical fiction in NOVELS.

When Spanish flu cases spiked in 1918, then as now, revelers were warned not to trade their health-saving masks for Halloween masks. Street celebrations and indoor parties were prohibited. People were reminded that dancing was nonessential and that blowing horns spread germs and disrupted the sleep of the sick. State and city bans may have curtailed those seeking treats, but the number of tricks rose. Dallas police, for example, reported overturned bread boxes, an absconded horse, and a stolen piano. Read more about the deadly Spanish flu pandemic a century ago in On the Shore (1917-1925), a tale of conflict between generations in a Lower East Side immigrant family during WWI (see NOVELS).

The Wizard of Oz officially opened 82 years ago today, on August 25, 1939. MGM previewed the movie in Wisconsin two weeks earlier to test its popularity in the Midwest. Viewers were wowed by Technicolor, a film first. Still, production was marred by mishaps and it was a decade before MGM recouped its $3 million investment. Read more about the making of The Wizard of Oz and its “big” and “little” stars in A Brain. A Heart. The Nerve., a fictional biography of the actor who played the Munchkin Coroner (see NOVELS).